. Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬, vacuoles, and a wall.

1. chloroplasts

2. cell wall

Explanation:

1. plants carry out photosynthesis which chloroplasts help. so only plant cells have them, animals do not use photosynthesis

2. animal cells only have a cell membrane. only plant cells have a cell wall.

ans.

dna fingerprinting is defined as a process that determines the dna characteristics of an individual. these dna characteristics are unique among individuals as their fingerprints, so it is known as dna fingerprinting.

steps of dna fingerprinting includes extraction of dna from sample, amplification of dna, restriction digestion of amplified dna, and then analysis of dna by gel electrophoresis, respectively.

thus, the next step performed by the scientist is 'to cut the amplified dna (obtained by polymerase chain reaction) by restriction enzymes that cleave the dna into fragments and their analysis.'