The energy available to consumers determined by subtracting the energy used by plants from the total energy transformed by the process of photosynthesis.

А

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Primary productivity

B

Gross primary productivity

С

Net primary productivity

D

Cellular respiration

C. Net Primary productivity

Explanation:

In an the food chain of an ecosystem, energy is constantly being gained and most. Producers are the set of organisms that start the energy cycle via the process of photosynthesis. The gross primary productivity (GPP) is the amount of energy that the producer is able to capture from sunlight during photosynthesis.

The rate at which that captured energy is used to produce chemical organic compounds, which served as food, is called the primary productivity of the producer. However, the NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY (NPP) is the energy available to consumers, which is determined by subtracting the energy used by plants via metabolism, from the total energy transformed by the process of photosynthesis. Hence, mathematically, NPP = GPP - R

Where, R = energy lost via respiration.

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explanation:

many phylogenetic trees have a single lineage at the base representing a common ancestor. a lineage that evolved early from the root and remains unbranched is called basal taxon. when two lineages stem from the same branch point, they are called sister taxa.

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explanation: