3. Explain why energy is required to move the hydrogen ions across the membrane in the direction indicated in Model 1.

Many animals cannot sweat to maintain a stable body temperature. what is one other way animals can cool down?

Which element forms the basis of all organic organisms a carbon b oxygen c hydrogen d nitrogen

How is ribosomal rna useful as a molecular clock? a. a large portion of the dna ring is not vital to structure or function, allowing it to accumulate neutral mutations. b. its rate of mutation increases over time as organisms continue to evolve and differentiate from each other. c. a slow mutation rate makes it useful for determining evolutionary relationships between ancient species. d. it is only found in select organisms, making it easier to compare relationships between species that have it.