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Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.

Will mark brainliest i only need the ! 1.use ten beads and a centromere of one color to construct the long chromosome. use ten beads and a centromere of a second color to construct the second chromosome in the long pair. make a drawing of the chromosomes in the space below. 2. for the second pair of chromosomes, use only five beads. 3. now model the replication of the chromosomes. make a drawing of your model in the space below. part b: meiosis i during meiosis i, the cell divides into two diploid daughter cells. 4. pair up the chromosomes to form tetrads. use the longer tetrad to model crossing-over. make a drawing of the tetrads in the space below. 5. line up the tetrads across the center of your “cell.” then model what happens to the chromosomes during anaphase i. 6. divide the cell into two daughter cells. use the space below to make a drawing of the result. part c: meiosis ii during meiosis ii, the daughter cells divide again. 7. line up the chromosomes at the center of the first cell, one above the other. separate the chromatids in each chromosome and move them to opposite sides of the cell. 8. repeat step 7 for the second cell. 9. divide each cell into two daughter cells. use the space below to make a drawing of the four haploid cells

Did the vinegar diffuse all the way to the center of any of the cubes? if so, which ones? what does this tell you about surface area-to-volume ratio and the diffusion rate?