A set of full-sibling juvenile wolf spiders was divided into two groups. One set was reared in low-temperature conditions, while the other set was reared in high-temperature conditions until they were adults. As adults, each individual was exposed to a predator at a moderate temperature and the groups exhibited very different escape behavior—those reared in low-temperature conditions fled sooner than those reared in high-temperature conditions. Which of the following can be concluded from these data? a. Antipredator behavior exhibits a gene-environment interaction
b. Antipredator behavior is heritable
c. Antipredator behavior changes over time
d. There is an environmental influence on antipredator behavior
e. Genes and the environment affect antipredator behavior