Name: malcolm . Chapters 1 & 2 Review BIOLOGY: UNIT 1 Directions: Answer the following questions using your lecture notes and textbook for Chapters 1 and 2 by typing your answers into the yellow highlighted boxes. 1. What is the smallest unit of matter? atom . 2. What characteristics do all living things share? . 3. What is homeostasis? . 4. What are the advantages of using computer models in biological research? . 5. What is a hypothesis? . 6. What is a theory? . 7. What is the definition of a species? . 8. What are the four main types of carbon-based compounds found in living things? . 9. What is an ion? . 10. What unique quality does carbon possess that allows it to form large organic compounds? . 11. What are the steps in the Scientific Method? . 12. What is a controlled experiment? . 13. What aspect of a chemical reaction is affected by enzymes? . 14. What is the name given for genetic changes in living things over time? . 15. How does a catalyst speed up a chemical reaction? . 16. What is the pH of an acid, a base, and a neutral solution? . 17. During an experiment, which factors are observed and measured? . 18. What is the difference between a covalent and ionic bond? . 19. Complete the table below: Organic Compound Monomer Polymer Carbohydrate Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid 20. What is biodiversity? . 21. What is the negative feedback process? . 22. What are the three particles found in an atom, and where are they found in the atom? . 23. Identify the reactants and products in the chemical reaction below left reactant right products . 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 24. What is a monosaccharide and a polysaccharide? . 25. When enough experimental data supports a hypothesis, the hypothesis becomes a(an)? .

producers: apple trees, potatoes, carrots, grains, acorns, cabbage, grass, corn, lettuce

consumers: deer, mice, rabbits, chickens, squirrels, horses, worms, cows

predators: eagles, frogs, wolves, owls

interphase

the period of cell growth when the cell synthesizes new molecules and organelles. the cell is not dividing and it constitutes the majority of the time spent in the cell cycle

prophase

changes occur in the nucleus and cytoplasm. the chromatin condenses to form structures (sister chromatids) visible with a light microscope and the mitotic spindle begins to form, but the nucleus is still in tact

prometaphase

the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids

metaphase

all the cell's duplicated chromosomes are lined up at an imaginary plane equidistant between the poles of the mitotic spindle

anaphase

begins when sister chromatids separate from each other and ending when a complete set of daughter chromosomes arrives at each of the two poles of the cell

telophase

the daughter nuclei form at the two poles of a cell

cytokinesis

the division of a cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. usually occurs during telophase during mitosis. this and mitosis make up to mitotic (m) phase of the cell cycle

evidence and logical support is essential for a scientist to do in order to maintain credibility. this is because no one can believe without any logic and without any evidence.hence a scientist can maintain credibility by proving himself and by answering logically so experiments prove very beneficial. logical hypothesis give conclusion which is acceptable. therefore, there are two main factors to maintain credibility by a scientist is evidence and logical support.