What is the effect of the genes of the parental mice on the fur color of the offspring mice?”

in mendelian genetic , allele of each genes from the parents will segregate from each other so the gametes only carry one each.

If the parental mice has two different fur color (i.e white and Black) , the color of the offspring's fur would be either black, white, or the combination of both (Grey)

you did not attach the discourse, but i assume it to be the discourse on the origin and basis of inequality among men (the original titile in french is: "discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes"), also know as "second discourse". in this discourse, jean-jacques rousseau emphasizes that private property is the basis of all inequalities.

therefore, what enabled the old regime to maintain as long as it did was private property.