(1-cosπ/8)(1-cos3π/8)(1-cos5π/8)(1- cos7π/8)=1/8

the element that provides strength to the exoskeletons of clams and oysters is phosphorus.

this is so because calcium carbonate is the main component in the shells. calcium carbonate is strengthened by phosphorus.

explanation:

i think that c)gold was found there

but i am not sure

cellular respiration oxidizes food into energy in the form of atps.

glycolysis (6 c hexose) > 2x atps are used > 6c hexose biphosphate > 2 x 3c triphosphate >

2 x 3c pyruvate (2x nadh produced from nad) and (4x atp produced)

pyruvate actively pumped mitochondrial matrix.

i think that is new experiments yield untrustworthy data and should be carefully considered, because you don't know what will happen with the experiments.