A and B are biotic in nature, C, D, and E are abiotic in nature. In an open system, A produces D and E while B could not produce anything rather depend totally on the D and E produced by A. As the number of A increases, it favours the growth of B, the production of D and E also enhances the growth and development of B.

A: Plants

B: Consumers

C: Sun

D: Oxygen

E: food

Explanation:

Abiotic factors refer to non-living things int he ecosystem, whereas the biotic factors are the living things in the environment.

A, in this case, is referring to the plants in the ecosystem, the producers. Plants produce D and E, that is, oxygen and food respectively. B are the consumers in the environment, the herbivores in particular that feed on the plants and rely on it as the only food source. C refers to the sun as the source of light energy for the plants.

small, big, or no change could occur in the phenotype. it could cause something as simple as a cats ears to curl backwards or something as frighting as death. it could also occur in the protien-coding area and have an effect on that but no effect on the amino acids. what has to occur is a changing in the hox gene or the control gene.

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.