Which of the following is a description consistent with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)? There are defects in the ras oncogene, p53 tumor suppressor gene, and INK4A, the gene encoding a cell-cycle regulatory protein. The bone marrow and peripheral blood are characterized by leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells. As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes. There is failure of B cells to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 create an abnormal, fused gene identified as BCR-ABL

The bone marrow and peripheral blood are characterized by leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells.

Explanation:

acute lymphocytic leukemia is a form of cancer of the blood and bone marrow( a spongy tissues inside the bone that produced red blood cells) that affect white blood cells.. In Acute lymphocytic leukemia,immature red blood cells are produced rather than matured ones. These occur when bone marrows develop errors in it's DNA and it is the most common type of childhood cancer.

Symptoms include enlarged lymph nodes, bruising, fever, bone pain, bleeding from the gums and frequent infections, pale skin, weakness, shortness of breath.

It is best treated by chemotherapy or the use of drugs that kill cancers cells.

hydroxyl -oh

alcohols, always polar, can form hydrogen bonds with h2o molecules

carboxyl -cooh  

cargoxylic acids, has acidic properties which is a source of hydrogen ions, found in cells in ionized for with a charge of oh-1

carbonyl > co

ketone if within skeleton, aldehyde if group is at the end of skeleton, k & a may be structural isomers, it determines 2 sugars (ketose & aldose)

amino -nh2

amines, acts as a base, it can pick up h+ ions from surrounding solution, ionized with charge of 1+

methyl ch2

addition to rna/dna affects and gene expression

phosphate -opo3 ²⁻

organic phosphates, contributes to negative charge to, molecule that it is a part of, and potential to react with h20

sulfhydryl -sh

thiols, cross-linking stabilize the protein, and it is structure

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