4. Compare and contrast aerobic cellular respiration and anaerobic cellular respiration: what are the steps of each and how much ATP is made in each step? What energy/electron carriers are made in each step, and how many? What types of organisms are used to make alcohol and yogurt, and what type of respiration is yogurt and alcohol making?

Explanation below

Explanation

It should be understood that respiration is the process whereby organisms exchange gases with their environments.

And the two types are aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Aerobic respiration is the type of respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen, while the anaerobic respiration is the type of respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen.

The examples of organisms that are used in making alcohol and yoghurt are Sacharomyces cerevisae, which is yeast, and Lactobacilli spp respectively.

the answer that best describes the relative refractory period in the neuron is the resting membrane potential is restored, but concentrations of sodium and potassium are not restored to their original state.

the refractory period is the time during which another stimulus given to the neuron will not lead to a second potential. thus, because na+ channels are inactivated during this time, additional depolarizing stimuli do not lead to new action potentials.  

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