Which of the following is an example of macroevolution? A. A detrimental mutation that causes the organisms with the mutated allele to die.

B. A beneficial mutation that is passed to offspring, altering allele frequencies in successive generations.

C. A new species emerging from hundreds of years of selective pressures within their environment.

D. The evolution of macronutrients from micronutrients.

parasites can detrimentally affect their host, but also must not allow their host to die before they can complete their life cycle. some parasites have complex life cycles with many different hosts, and have had to find ways of persisting in many different environments during the change from one host to another. ectoparasites live outside the body of the host, and can more easily  disperse, but are  more exposed to predators, parasites, parasitoids. endoparasites live inside the body of the host, and are therefore protected from the outside environment. but they can be  attacked by the host's immune system. they have therefore developed  mechanisms for dispersal such as  complex life cycles.

the  frequency of a wave represents  the number of wavelengths that pass a specific point per second. the unit for  frequency  is hertz (hz).

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