Energy flow within a system that contains life is necessary. Scientists have explored this idea in projects such as Biosphere 2 and conducted studies about the possibility of colonizing Mars. How might research on the flow of matter and energy through ecosystems be helpful to creating a colony on Mars?

Energy flow is integral to any biological environment that supports life. Since energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it has to change from one form to another in order to maintain a balance. Everything within an ecosystem is interconnected, from plants as producers to herbivores that feed on the plants and the predators that feed on the herbivores. All of this will have to be established de novo at Mars using artificial means because the Mars atmosphere cannot naturally do this.

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he forelimbs below belong to four species that descended in a direct line from the ancestral mammal shown above. of the four descendants shown, which species most likely appeared earliest in evolutionary history?

a

explanation: