Describe the trends that you see in the evolution of land plants in terms of: gametophyte or sporophyte dominance size and independence (whether or not it can live on its own) of the gametophyte or sporophyte Make sure that you identify those two traits for each of the major land plant groups : 1) "Bryophytes" 2) Ferns and Lycophytes 3) Seed Plants (Gymnosperms and Angiosperms) New piece of information: diploid organisms have higher survival under high ultraviolet radiation environments (i. e. on LAND!) than haploid organisms. Using the trends you observed and the new information above, make an inference: WHY do we observe these trends in the land plants? (In other words, how might higher survival of diploid organisms under high UV conditions explain the trend you observe.)

Explanation below.

Explanation:

Gametophytes are plants that reproduce not by spores but by gametes, that is male and female gametes.

Sporophytes are the plants that make use of spores as the means of reproduction. This means that they produce spores.

1. Bryophytes are sporophytes

2. Fern or lycophytes are sporophytes

3. Seed plants are gametophytes. And that is why they possess both male and female gametes.

interphase

the period of cell growth when the cell synthesizes new molecules and organelles. the cell is not dividing and it constitutes the majority of the time spent in the cell cycle

prophase

changes occur in the nucleus and cytoplasm. the chromatin condenses to form structures (sister chromatids) visible with a light microscope and the mitotic spindle begins to form, but the nucleus is still in tact

prometaphase

the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids

metaphase

all the cell's duplicated chromosomes are lined up at an imaginary plane equidistant between the poles of the mitotic spindle

anaphase

begins when sister chromatids separate from each other and ending when a complete set of daughter chromosomes arrives at each of the two poles of the cell

telophase

the daughter nuclei form at the two poles of a cell

cytokinesis

the division of a cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. usually occurs during telophase during mitosis. this and mitosis make up to mitotic (m) phase of the cell cycle