How does the amount of sunlight that plants receive affect the height of the plants

Plants are classed as autotrophs, which means that they produce their own food. To do this they require an input of energy and this energy is provided by sunlight. All plants that produce their own food, (there are a few exceptions) contain the green pigment chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs energy int the form of sunlight and this energy is used in the process known as photosynthesis. A series of chemical reactions occur in which atmospheric carbon dioxide, absorbed through the leaves, and water, taken up by the roots, are combined to form glucose and other basic carbohydrates. These carbohydrates are then used, together with mineral elements drawn up by the roots, to form larger molecules such as starches, fats and proteins. These larger molecules are then used to build roots, stems, branches, leaves etc. As a byproduct to photosynthesis oxygen is released back into the atmosphere.

The hawk receives 0.1% energy from the caterpillar although the caterpillar gets eaten by another bird smaller than the hawk first