What is the ultimate outcome of primary succession

on island x the species needed to adapt because they were being subject to predators which didn't inhabit island y.  

all these collisions do one thing, and that thing is explained in the last option. when dusst, rocks and ice collide, they harden and form giant layers of rocks or hard ice.

d)   to harden materials to form different parts of earth’s layers

hope it ,

bioteacher101

the answer is