The species richness of a community is the number of different species found within that community, but to know about species diversity requires taking into consideration the relative numbers of individuals of each species within the community. Species richness can be calculated in several ways and here we'll use the Shannon diversity index (Hs) to determine the species diversity in some hypothetical communities. This way of calculating species diversity takes into account even small contributions to diversity made by rare species; this makes the index useful for conservation biologists studying the contributions of those species to the community.
The table shows data about the richness and numbers of different species in a particular community.
a) Fill in the blanks in the table to calculate the Shannon diversity index (Hs) for the community. Calculate all values to two decimal places.
Species Abundance Pi lnpi pilnpi
A 597
B 665
C 109
D 771
E 681
Total Hs

The construction of phylogenetic trees is a mapping out the proposed divisions and common ancestors of all living species. traditionally, these trees have been built using morphological data, such as appearance and embryology. recently, it has been possible to construct these trees using molecular data. phylogenetic trees based on different types of information agree with each: that there is strong evidence of a real underlying common descent. this phylogenic tree is composed based on molecular data (rrna). what statements can we infer are true about the organisms throughout the tree? because the tree is rooted, all branches share a common ancestor. all organisms have some sort of cellular structure/organization. all eukaryotes evolved from bacteria. since the organisms contain rna, they share the same dna. if the organisms contain rna, the share the same four nitrogen bases.

Overtime the pond slowly becomes more acidic due to the release of chemicals from a nearby factory. which of the organisms would most likely survive the change to their environment?

Archeologists have discovered three sites showing conclusive evidence for the mastery of fire in tanzania, from a period slightly after the time that homo habilis was present in africa. these sites clearly were founded by homo erectus, the descendent species of homo habilis that migrated north, out of africa and into asia. homo erectus was known to have mastered fire, from ample evidence at sites in asia. there is no reason to attribute mastery of fire to homo ergaster, the descendent species of homo habilis that remained in africa.which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? (a) before their migration, homo erectus occupied african territory as far south as tanzania.(b) the strain of migration provided the selective pressure motivating homo erectus‘ mastery of fire.(c) homo ergaster would not have derived as much benefit from the mastery of fire as did homo erectus.(d) homo ergaster inherited all cultural knowledge from homo habilis, a species that did not have mastery of fire.(e) homo ergaster did not occupy regions as far south as tanzania until well after the time of these three sites.