Which statement best describes how excessive carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere alter the system illustrated above?
A.
They increase the amount of solar radiation that is absorbed by the Earth's surface.
B.
They prevent some of the absorbed solar energy from leaving the Earth's atmosphere.
C.
They increase the rate at which absorbed solar energy leaves the Earth's atmosphere.
D.
They increase the amount of solar radiation that is reflected into outer space

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it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.