The process of genetic engineering usually involves altering the DNA of an organism so that .
A.
one element in the DNA ladder is replaced by another
B.
one segment of the DNA ladder is replaced by another
C.
one atom in the DNA ladder is replaced by another
D.
one bond in the DNA ladder is replaced by another

the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.

passive transport is a movement of biochemicals and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input. unlike active transport, it does not require an input of cellular energy because it is instead driven by the tendency of the system to grow in entropy.

so, according to what that says, i believe it's hypertonic and hypotonic.

good luck!