The researchers hypothesize that crossing any unaffected female and an affected male will result in a
0% chance of producing an affected male offspring. Evaluate the validity of the hypothesis.

The researchers hypothesize that crossing any unaffected female and an affected male will result in a  0% chance of producing an affected male offspring - The hypothesis is correct

In the case of X-linked traits we know the following facts:

Thus, The researchers hypothesize that crossing any unaffected female and an affected male will result in a  0% chance of producing an affected male offspring - The hypothesis is correct

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This hypothesis is correct.

Explanation:

The male organism has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome while female organism has two X chromosomes. If the X chromosome is affected by certain disorder so the male offspring will have 0 % chance of disorder because only Y chromosome is inherent to the male offspring from parents while the daughter offspring has this disorder due to the inheritance of one X  from the male parent which is the affected one. So the hypothesis is true.

amber has allowed scientists to study dna that has been preserved over millions of years.

answer:

sequence 1- deletion

                  2- duplication

                  3- insertion

                  4- substitute

                  5- inversion