What substance is the “primer” in the Calvin Cycle?

PGA (phosphoglycerate)

oxaloacetate

PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate)

RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate)

PGAL (phosphoglyceraldehyde)

The process of photosynthesis is broken up into two main groups of reactions: the "light reactions" which require light energy to operate, and the "Calvin cycle" which specifically takes carbon dioxide and turns it into organic molecules.  The electromagnetic energy of sunlight is converted to chemical energy in the chlorophyll-containing cells of photosynthetic organisms. In eukaryotic cells these reactions occur in the organelle known as the chloroplast. In the chloroplast, chlorophyll is the pigment that absorbs the sunlight. Chlorophyll is typically packed into stacks of membranes (called grana); it is in the grana where some of the sunlight is absorbed. Sunlight is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the main energy-storing molecule in living organisms. ATP is then transported throughout the chloroplast and used to provide the chemical energy necessary to power other metabolic reactions. For example, some of the ATP is used to power the metabolic reactions in the conversion of CO2 into sugars and other compounds.

Explanation:

photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make atp. the glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. while water is broken down to form oxygen during photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water.

only about ten percent of the energy at one trophic level is passed on to organisms at the next trophic level. the remainder of the energy is used in life processes or lost as heat.