The function of antibodies is to A. inject toxins into living pathogens. B. mark pathogenic cells for destruction. C. act as Toll-like receptors. D. release perforins to disrupt infected cells. E. secrete cytokines that attract macrophages to infection sites.

Mark pathogenic cells for destruction. (Ans. B)

Explanation:

Antibodies are generated by the plasma cells, and once these secreted, they attach quickly to the surface of the toxin and stop the toxin from infecting the normal body cell by blocking key extracellular sites.

Antibodies also help to mark pathogens for destruction by the help of macrophages or neutrophils and they are known as phagocytic cells because they are highly excited to macro-molecules complexed with antibodies.

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not necessarily. higher fitness requires the organism to be reproductive successful. for example, an organism at age 10 with 15 offspring is much more fit than an organism at age 15 with only 5 offspring.