How do point mutations and frameshift mutations occur?

They occur buy inheriting them.

Explanation:If your mom dad or any family member has a mutation or frameshift mutation they can pass it to off spring so the off spring can also have that mutation or frameshift mutation.

i believe the correct answer from the choices listed above is the first option. the scientists need to look at the   validity of data, claims, hypotheses, and observations before  developing an argument. they base their arguments on facts that are present and they make sure they have proofs. 

explanation:

one centimetre is equal to 0.01 metres