The citric acid cycle is a stage of catabolism that oxidizes acetate into carbon dioxide and generates energy. There are eight enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle.

Which enzymes produce carbon dioxide as a product?

A. malate dehydrogenase
B. isocitrate dehydrogenase
C. α‑ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
D. succinate dehydrogenase

Isocitrate dehydrogenase and α‑ketoglutarate dehydrogenase are the two enzymes that produces carbon dioxide as a by-product.

Explanation:

The release of carbon dioxide from any compound is known as decarboxylation. The first step where carbon dioxide is released as a by product is when Isocitrate is oxidized and decarboxylated to α‑ketoglutarate and this reaction is catlyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase. The second step where carbon dioxide is released as a by product is from decarboxylation of   α‑ketoglutarate into succinyl-Co A and this reaction is catalyzed by α‑ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.

they each offer a fresh glut of resources to the organisms that can arrive and exploit them. as individuals and new species continue to appear, they actively and passively alter the environment. competition for shared resources increases, local abiotic and biotic conditions shift, and the relative abundances of species change accordingly. the process is called ecological succession, and it is one of the earliest and most well-known concepts in ecology.