In imagining the evolution of ATP synthase as a key component of the chloroplast endosymbiont, describe when you think the key elements proposed in lecture and your book must have been working during the process of creating a functional endosymbiont. Were the evolution of the two kinds of proton pumps a necessary precondition? Give three other changes in the chloroplast that might have contributed to the productive symbiotic relationship between the host and the chloroplast.

What part of the cell does 9 represent? a. cytoplasm b. lysosome c. ribosome d. centrosome

What is gene expression control that occurs after the generation of rna

Ms. w, a 21-year-old woman, came into a clinic after suffering a deep laceration on her foot while walking barefoot around her yard. the wound was cleaned, sutured, and bandaged, and she was released to return home after receiving tetanus antitoxoid. within 72 hours, the wound area was red and swollen, the suture line was dark in color, and it was accompanied by severe throbbing pain. ms. w had a high fever, her heart felt like it was racing, and she was finding it hard to concentraten even on simple tasks. she returned to the clinic and was immediately taken to the hospital. following lab tests, a diagnosis of acute necrotizing fasciitis was made. discussion questions 1. explain why ms. w. received a tetanus antitoxoid before leaving the hospital. (see chapters 3 and 4, infection and passive immunity.) 2. explain how acute necrotizing fasciitis developed in this case and the pathophysiology involved. (see acute necrotizing fasciitis.) 3. what is the potential outcome for ms. w if antibiotic drugs do not reduce the infection quickly?