G Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. Each variable site of a gene tree can be treated as an independent character. B. Morphological trees have the advantage that they can include long-extinct fossil taxa. C. Gene trees are only useful studying the relationships of sequences from different species.

C. Gene trees are only useful studying the relationships of sequences from different species.

Explanation:

Gene tree traces the evolutionary history of a particular gene. It includes all the events like duplication and speciation. It helps to study the relationship of genes from different species. Often these are orthologous genes which came form the same ancestor and code for the same protein indifferent species. Gene tree also helps to study the relationship of genes in the same species. Often these are paralogous genes which evolved by duplication and code for similar but not identical proteins in the same species. Hence, the statement that gene trees are only useful for studying the relationships of sequences from different species is incorrect.

relative dating involves things like higher layers are most recent than rocks lower in the sequence. this can be extended to the known sequence of fossils. rocks containing rabbit fossils are later than those containing dinosaur fossils.  

absolute dating methods mainly use radioactive elements that have known rates of decay and produce recognizable products. for example potassium 40 decays to produce argon. once a rock has solidified the argon is trapped. by measuring the argon and potassium0 you can get an accurate number for the age.  

some other methods are good for archaeological ages. dendrochronology involves recognizing the sequence of tree rings. the orientation of magnetized particles in baked clay can be used to date a fire.

hope this .. .