How do bacteria protect themselves against viruses?

Compare the composition of the moon's surface with the composition of the earth's surface.

It is believed that europa, one of jupiter’s moons has an ocean beneath its surface. based on how earth’s oceans and atmosphere are believed to have formed, what can be said about europa’s supposed ocean? the arrival of in the early days of europa’s existence could have formed its ocean. it is likely that the water experienced , similar to earth. it is also possible that this water is retained beneath europa’s surface and in its atmosphere due to europa’s .

If the rna molecule in a human has the nucleotide sequence of guu, this would the amino acid valine would be needed to make the protein. how would this cha process was occurring in a mushroom?