Mammals such as the vampire bat have the ability to generate a urine with a concentration of approximately 3,600 milliosmoles (mOsm). If the concentration of their blood is approximately 300 mOsm, by producing a concentrated urine, their water loss is:.

The images show two species of tree frogs in a particular region. the gray tree frogs are adapted to the trees of the woodlands, while the green tree frogs can survive in woodlands or grasslands. the gray frog was abundant in the woodlands. because of climatic changes, most of the trees in the region died, and the woodlands changed to grasslands. in such a case, the . the gray tree frog is closely related to the green tree frog genetically, but they have different mating calls. this suggests that speciation occurred because of .