In your own words compare and contrast primary vs. secondary succession (you need to address the substrate and pioneer species)

Next pretest: evolution select the correct answer in a laboratory population of flies, the female flies are gray and the males are yellowish gray. biologists observed that all the male flies had an equal chance for reproduction, but the male flies with the brightest colors were more likely to successfully reproduce. what phenomenon could explain such a change? a sexual selection b. disruptive selection c. stabilizing selection d. directional selection

Where does all the water go? according to the environmental protection agency (epa), in a typical wetland environment, 39% of the water is outflow; 46% is seepage; 7% evaporates; and 8% remains as water volume in the ecosystem (reference: united states environmental protection agency case studies report 832-r-93-005). chloride compounds as residuals from residential areas are a problem for wetlands. suppose that in a particular wetland environment the following concentrations (mg/l) of chloride compounds were found: outflow, 60.4; seepage, 73.7; remaining due to evaporation, 26.4; in the water volume, 46.8. (a) compute the weighted average of chlorine compound concentration (mg/l) for this ecological system. (round your answer to one decimal place.) mg/l (b) suppose the epa has established an average chlorine compound concentration target of no more than 58 mg/l. does this wetlands system meet the target standard for chlorine compound concentration? yes. the average chlorine compound concentration (mg/l) is too high. yes. the average chlorine compound concentration (mg/l) is lower than the target. no. the average chlorine compound concentration (mg/l) is lower than the target. no. the average chlorine compound concentration (mg/l) is too high.

The “ecological footprint” left by a citizen of a developed nation is about four times larger than that left by a citizen of a developing nation. why is this the case?