E Describe how increasing salinity afects the amount of fluid ejected each time a
contractie vacuole contracts. Calculate the water potential of an animal cell without
contractile vacuoles if water enters the cel and creates a solute potential of -2. Assume
that the pressure potential in the cell is 0

organisms that are both used in toothpaste as well as cause malaria are protista and monera.

format change of dna.  

he forelimbs below belong to four species that descended in a direct line from the ancestral mammal shown above. of the four descendants shown, which species most likely appeared earliest in evolutionary history?