Karyotypes can be studied to determine an organism’s chromosomal makeup and to detect genetic defects. Turner syndrome occurs when a female has an incomplete set of sex chromosomes. Symptoms of Turner syndrome include swollen hands and feet, short stature, and infertility. Which type of chromosomal mutation is responsible for causing Turner syndrome?

Define the apical impulse and describe its normal location, size, and duration. which abnormal conditions may affect the location of the apical impulse? explain the mechanism producing normal first and second heart sounds. describe the effect of respiration on the heart sounds. describe the characteristics of the first heart sound and its intensity at the apex of the heart and at the base. describe the characteristics of the second heart sound and its intensity at the apex of the heart and at the base.