Why is thermal energy from the Sun transferred to Earth through electromagnetic waves instead of any other type of
thermal energy transfer?
Electromagnetic waves can carry energy through matter.
Electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space.
Electromagnetic waves can move through gases faster than other types of energy transfer
Electromagnetic waves can move more energy than other types of energy transfer.
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Electromagnetic waves can travel through empty space.

Explanation:

There is empty space between the sun and the earth and as we know that electromagnetic waves do not require any medium to pass through therefore  thermal energy from the Sun is transferred to Earth through electromagnetic waves. Most of the electromagnetic waves that come to the surface of earth from the sun are in the form of radiation. Radiation is the transfer of heat energy through space by electromagnetic radiation. Most of the solar radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere and much of what reaches the earth's surface is radiated back into the atmosphere to become heat energy.

it would be c. xylem.