What is phototropism?

Phototropism is the orientation of a plant or other organism in response to light, either toward the source of light (positive phototropism) or away from it (negative phototropism).

Explanation:

the framers of the constitution insisted that federal judges be nominated instead of elected due to their desire to have judges above the shifting whims of the masses.

the hope, whether achieved or not, was that federal judges would only be beholden to the law and that by not having judges be elected, they would be protected if that law dictated an outcome that ran counter to popular opinion.

b is the correct answer