Scientists can extract DNA from some fossils. Which of the following is NOT a reason for
scientists to do this?
A. to compare nucleotide sequences and amino acids in different species
B. to determine how closely related two or more organisms are
C. to re-establish species that have been extinct for millions of years
D. to discover the role of gene mutations in the formation of new species

Of your good in bio kusing a series of preliminary observations; pstate a problem developed from these observations, formulate a hypothesis, design an experiment to test the hypothesis

The small molecule cyclic amp (camp) takes about 0.2 second to diffuse 10 μm, on average, in a cell. suppose that camp is produced near the plasma membrane on one end of the cell; how long will it take for this camp to diffuse through the cytosol and reach the opposite end of a very large cell, on average? assume that the cell is 200 μm in diameter.

One of the newest applications of cell technology is called cybrid embryos. this process involves replacing the nuclear material of an animal cell with human nuclear material. how might this process affect public policies about research by using stem cells? the same policies and concerns about the use of human embryonic stem cells would most likely apply. the embryos would most likely be treated like traditional animal embryos and regulated accordingly. the process of forming cybrid embryos would most likely be banned by government regulators. the embryos would be treated as regular cells because they are not fully human in origin.