Outline the pathway in reflex arc in respond to shining a bright light into the eye

The eye's arc reflex to changes in light intensity is called photomotor reflex. whose pathway includes: a receptor in cells of the retina, an afferent pathway  -Optic nerve-, reception and processing center in Pretectal nucleus and efferent pathway given by oculomotor nerve and short ciliary nerves, whose efector is Pupil constricting muscles.

Explanation:

The reflex arch of the eye is what allows the pupil to close or open -by contracting or relaxing of pupil constrictor muscle, respectively- in response to changes in light intensity. This reflex has a direct pathway for each eye, and a cross pathway (consensual reflex) that stimulates the opposite eye.

The photomotor reflex -reflex arc- pathway is:

The response will be a contraction of the constrictor muscle -pupil closure or myosis- in bright light, and a relaxation -pupil opening or midiriasis- in dark environments.

significant amounts of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and other pollution

explanation:

passenger vehicles are a major pollution contributor, producing significant amounts of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and other pollution. in 2013, transportation contributed more than half of the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, and almost a quarter of the hydrocarbons emitted into our air.

stimulus is a change in the environment that causes an organism to react. the response is the reaction to the stimulus. some examples of stimuli for zebras are drought, to many predators, and bad feeding grounds such as dead grass or plants. zebras respond to stimuli just like all other living organisms