The image shows hormones binding with receptor proteins which initiates a transduction pathway. Identify the transduction pathway.
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)d

Option B

Explanation:

Binding of hormone ligands to a receptor protein which may be found on the surface of the cell membrane initiates a cascade of intracellular transduction pathway that may include for example stimulation of second messengers eg the cyclic AMP. These intracellular transduction pathway may function to amplify these signals in the cells and then carrying this signals to the appropriate destination where the response is initiated or stimulated which may include for example initiation of cell division, apoptosis, inflammation etc.

the form of energy changes and the total energy increases0l

c. earths continental crust is thicker than its lithosphere.

because, the lithosphere is the outermost layer of the earth/ 100 km thick and is defined by its machanical properties.the lithosphere contains oceanic and continental crust that varies in age and thickness across locations and geologic time. the lithosphere is the coolest layer of the earth in terms of temperature. the term lithosphere should not be confused with the use of "geosphere" which is used to indicate all of earth systems, including the atmosphere, hydrosphere   and biosphere. the surface of the earth can be divided into the continental crust and the oceanic crust.   the continental crust is made mostly of granite while the oceanic crust is made of basalt. the average thickness of the continental crust is 25 miles and the average thickness of the oceanic crust is 5 miles.   three types of rock, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, make up the surface of the earth. that's why 3 option is preferable.