4-1 Reading Guide Name:

is the day to day condition of Earth’s atmosphere at a particular time and place.
Climate refers to the average
conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region.
, , and a few other atmospheric gases trap heat energy and maintain Earth’s temperature range.
If these gases were not present the Earth would be ° cooler.
Because Earth is a sphere that is tilted on its axis, solar radiation strikes different parts of the Earth’s surface at an angle that .
Earth’s three main climate zones are , , .
The upward movement of air and the downward movement of air create air currents, or winds.
patterns of heating and cooling occur in the Earth’s oceans.
and other can also affect winds and ocean currents.
4-2 What shapes an Ecosystem?

Define biotic factors:
Define abiotic factors:
The area where an organism lives is called its .
If an organism’s habitat is its , it niche is its .
No two species can the same niche in the same .
What is competition?
The competitive exclusion principle states that

Give an example of a predator and its prey.
What are the three types of symbiosis? , , and .
In figure 4-6, what would happen to the aphids if the ant died?
are constantly changing in response to natural and disturbances.
Compare and contrast primary and secondary succession.

What are pioneer species?
And give an example.
Figure 4-9 illustrates the stages in a -- community.
What are the first organisms to be attracted to the whale carcass?
What organisms decompose whale oil?