The backbone is made of many small units of bone or cartilage. what is each unit called?

Osteocytes

Explanation:

The backbone is a major component of the vertebral skeleton. It consists of living bone cells (osteocytes), protein fibres (collagen) and minerals, mainly calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate.

Thus, osteocytes are the small units of backbone

The ossicles

Explanation:

The smaller parts of spinal cord bones are called the ossicles. They joined to make up the long spinal cord.

a plastic spoon that has a temperature of 78° f is placed into a bowl of soup that has a temperature of 84° f. which of these correctly describes what will happen?

energy as heat moves from the soup to the spoon.

it provides an alternative energy pathway for the reaction to proceed.

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but is not consumed during the course of the reaction.

catalysts increase the rate of reaction without being used up. they do this by lowering the activation energy needed. with a catalyst, more collisions result in a reaction, so the rate of reaction increases. different reactions need different catalysts.

a catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product. the rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.