A 35-year-old previously healthy man presents to your office with a complaint of diarrhea 24 hours after returning from a mission trip to Sierra Leone. He endorses hourly bouts of large volumes of stool that now have a white-colored liquid appearance. Physical exam findings include decreased skin turgor, dry buccal mucous membranes and a rapid, thready radial pulse.
cholera

The symptoms are of cholera.

Explanation:

The symptoms that are described in the question which the 35 year old man is having are the symptoms of cholera disease which can be caused by consuming food or drinks that contain a certain bacteria named vibrio cholera. The symptoms can range from diarrhea which can be described as rice-water because of its white appearence caused by mucus and the gastrointestinal cells that it contains and by a distinct smell. Other symptoms also include a high heart rate, vomiting etc.

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Answer

The diagnosis is Cholera.

Explanation:

Cholera is caused by  bacterial Vibro Cholerae. It is a disease which is associated with poor hygienic  condition. it is transmitted when human faeces gets in contact with drinking water, or such contaminated water is used for cultivation of  perishables.Thus people get infected when they  consumed food materials or drinks contaminated with this bacteria. The diseases is common in Africa and Latin America, because of poor hygienic condition and poor drainage system.

The  V.cholera  on ingestion,into  the GI,  shuts down  its protein synthesis to conserve energy,thus  becomes inactive,  to escape the stomach acidic medium.Its  moves with its  flagella  through the G I tracts and  eventually  attached to the walls of the small intestine,to conceal itself from antibodies-Antibody concealment.

It produces toxins which  disrupts the electrolyte balance in  the intestinal wall, with consequent loss of ions  through the wall of the small intestine into the lumen  . As a results, the solute potential of the walls reduces, water follows by osmosis into the lumen of the large intestine en route  large intestine( the rectum and cecum.)

Thus large volume of watery  stool  is produced- diarrhea,  which results in dehydration.Vomiting may also occur, further compounding the  dehydration.

Oral Re-dehydration Therapy (ORT) solution of electrolyte fluids is the first treatment method to re-hydrate the victim, by replacing the ions lost in stools,and return electrolyte balance before antibiotic intake.

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