You work for a pharmaceutical company and discover a chemical compound with antibiotic properties. When this chemical is added to E. coli, the bacteria stop producing full-length mRNAs and instead accumulate short transcripts of 8-10 nucleotides in length. Which of the following steps in transcription is most likely affected by the drug?a. Elongation rate of the core polymeraseb. Binding to the promoterc. Formation of the open complexd. Promoter clearancee. Rho-dependent termination

a. Elongation rate of the core polymerase

Explanation:

The chemical added to the E. coli made it stop it's full length production of mRNAs but instead short nucleotide transcript because the chemical targeted the elongation rate of the polymerase enzyme.

it has to be understood that the sea water contains a huge amount of sodium and chlorine ions and if they enter the cell of the atlantic cod fish, the cell will shrivel and the fish will die. to avoid such a condition, the fish uses active transport for the purpose of removing the ions against the gradient.

explanation:

the atlantic cod is not a maritime osmoconformer. its native application of salts is less than that of the seawater it lives in. it is continually falling water from the gills to the ocean via osmosis.

countering that, the fish is going to be swallowing seawater. but since its internal collection of salts is lower than seawater, the fish will want to go free of excess salt, and since that's going upon a gradient, then active transport, requiring energy, must be used to pump out the salt. much marine fish use the organs to filter out the salt and these fish discharge very straight urine.

c is the correct answer!