Steve Hill, a 51-year-old salesman, is at his health clinic for an annual physical exam. After walking from the car to the clinic, he develops substernal pain. He also reports pain in his left shoulder and jaw, lasting 2 to 3 minutes and then subsiding with rest. His wife indicated that this has occurred frequently over the past few months with similar exertion. Mr. Hill is most likely experiencing:

Stable angina

Explanation:

Stable angina is the most common type of angina and therefore, is called typical angina pectoris characterized by a burning heavy and squeezing feeling in the chest (substernal , shoulder ). It is caused by the reduction of coronary perfusion due to a fixed obstruction produced bt coronary atherosclerosis.

The heart becomes vulnerable to ischemia whenever there is increased demand, such as that produced by physical activity ,emotional excitement , or any other cause of increased cardiac workload.

Typical angina pectoris is promptly relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.

As in the above mentioned scenario, Steve hill feels substernal pain after walking from the car thus increasing work load on heart and this pain relieves with rest, this is a characteristic finding of stable angina.

Stable Angina

Explanation:

Angina is an issue usually due to obstruction or spasm of the arteries that

supply blood to the heart muscle. Other causes include anemia ,

abnormal heart rhythms and heart failure . The main mechanism of

coronary artery obstruction is atherosclerosis as part of coronary

artery disease . The term derives from the Latin angere ("to strangle")

and pectus ("chest"), and can therefore be translated as "a strangling

feeling in the chest".

Angina symptoms include:

Chest pain or discomfort, possibly described as pressure,

squeezing, burning or fullness

Pain in your arms, neck, jaw, shoulder or back accompanying

chest pain

Nausea

Fatigue

Shortness of breath

Sweating

Dizziness

Stable Angina is Also known as 'effort angina', this refers to the classic type of

angina related to myocardial ischemia .

Characteristics of stable angina

Develops when your heart works harder, such as when you

exercise or climb stairs

Can usually be predicted and the pain is usually similar to

previous types of chest pain you've had

Lasts a short time, perhaps five minutes or less

Disappears sooner if you rest or use your angina medication

heat a spark and oxygen

clumped distribution, because you'de have all of the population gathered in a relatively small are.

it's the most common because it provides protection and a mate for reproduction

example: humans, seeweed, cattles, etc.