How exactly do all those letters in DNA code for making a living thing? The short answer is that the code of letters in DNA is a recipe to make proteins. Proteins form structures, enzymes or other chemicals to create the building blocks of organisms and maintain homeostasis. When a cell needs to make a protein, say the enzyme to digest lactose (the sugar in milk), it needs to use/read the DNA code to make proteins. We call this process protein synthesis. Protein synthesis requires the use of DNA and all three forms of RNA to read the code and make the desired protein. This occurs in two steps:

Match the descriptions / definitions with the term they best describe 1. three dimensional relationship of the different polypeptide chains in a multisubunit protein or protein complex 2. common folding pattern in proteins in which a linear sequence of amino acids folds into a right-handed coil stabilized by internal hydrogen-bonding between polypeptide backbone atoms. 3. the amino acid sequence of a protein 4. a region on the surface of a protein that can interact with another molecule through noncovalent bonding. 5. three-dimensional arrangement of alpha-helices and beta-sheets within a single polypeptide, typically stabilized by a variety of noncovalent bonds, including ionic and hydrogen bonds, and nonpolar interactions / hydrophobic force. 6. the chain of repeating carbon and nitrogen atoms, linked by peptide bonds, in a protein. 7. common structural motif in proteins in which different sections of the polypeptide chain run alongside each other and are joined together by hydrogen bonding between atoms of the polypeptide backbone. 8. portion of a polypeptide chain that has a discrete tertiary structure of its own and can often fold independently of the rest of the chain 9. regular local folding patterns in a protein, including alpha-helix and beta-sheet a. primary structure b. beta-sheet c. protein d. coiled-coil e. polypeptide backbone f. secondary structure g. side chain h. tertiary structure i. binding site j. alpha-helix k. quaternary structure l. protein domain

In many humans, exposing the skin to sunlight over prolonged periods of time results in the production of more pigment by the skin cells (tanning). this change in skin color provides evidence that -

Two pea plants with yellow peas are crossed. most of their offspring have yellow peas, but about 25 percent of the offspring have green peas. for pea color, yellow is the dominant trait and green is the recessive trait. what does this tell you about the two parent plants? a. the parent plants have only dominant alleles for pea color. b. the parent plants are heterozygous for pea color. c. pea color follows an incomplete dominance pattern of inheritance. d. the parent plants are homozygous for pea color.