Although many organisms (including eukaryotes) use the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway for the initial catabolism of glucose, alternative glycolytic pathways do exist and are widespread among the prokaryotes. The Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway, for example, is widely used among Gram-negative bacteria (including E. coli) and archaea. Because the EMP generates slightly more energy, it has been considered the "better" and "more evolved" of the two. But is this assumption naive?

Of the following, which phenotype would most likely be observed in mutants of E. coli lacking a key enzyme in the ED pathway?

A. loss of ability to grow anaerobically
B. lack of flagellar motility
C. reduced ability to colonize the mammalian gut
D. inability to form biofilms
E. increased virulence

Explanation:

The Entner-Doudoroff Pathway (ED Pathway) is a metabolic pathway that is most notably in Gram-negative bacteria, some + bacteria and archaea. Glucose is the starting molecuke in the ED pathway and through a series of enzyme assisted chemical reactions it is catabolized into pyruvate.

Those mutants of E. coli lacking a key enzyme in Entner-Doudoroff  (ED Pathway)Pathway leads to reduced ability to colonize the mammalian gut.

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step 1: nitrogen fixation- conversion of atmospheric no₂ into forms useful to plants by lightning, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

step 2: nitrification-process of converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrate.

step 3: assimilation-plant roots absorb new form of nitrogen.

step 4: ammonification-conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria involved in decomposition.

step 5: denitrification-bacteria turns the decomposed matter back into n₂o, which is released into atmosphere; repeat cycle.