The three mechanisms for reproductive isolation are spatial, temporal (time) and behavioral. Explain which of those mechanism isolates two populations of similar frogs with different meeting calls

Animals such as pronghorn antelope, bison ans badgers dot to the landscape. where are these animals located?

Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.

How can antibodies "remember" a particular bacterial invader or "antigen" on that invader?