How many rounds of replication does it take for an incorporation error to be established as a base pair change?

Just one round without DNA repair

Explanation:

When an error occurs before or during replication, in a normal system, there is always proofreading and correction. If the error is not corrected during replication, it can then be corrected by the DNA damage repair system. But if not also corrected, the error becomes fixed and subsequent replication will produce this error

the areas around the equator