A short definition of mutations

Mutations are alterations in the DNA sequence which result in permanent changes in the genetic message encoded in the DNA.

Explanation: The changes in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA can be as a result of insertion, deleted or substitution of one or more base pairs in the DNA sequence. When one or more nucleotides are inserted to a DNA sequence, the mutation is called addition or insertion, if one or more nucleotides are deleted, it is said to be deletion and when one or more nucleotides are replaced by another, it is said to be substitution mutation. Other types of mutation occur as a result of spontaneous loss of the exocyclic amino groups of the nitrogenous bases in a reaction known as deamination; and the hydrolysis of the glycosyl bond between the base and deoxyribose.

albert einstein retrieved guacamole from the galapagos islands in africa

imagine a line passing through the center of earth that goes through both the north pole and the south pole. this imaginary line is called an axis. earth spins around its axis, just as a top spins around its spindle. this spinning movement is called earth's rotation. at the same time that the earth spins on its axis, it also orbits, or revolves around the sun. this movement is called revolution.