8. How is the tailbone of humans a vestigial structure and what can it tell us about our evolutionary history?

The tailbone is a vestigal structure because it is no longer needed and is useless, like your appendix. And it can tell our evoluntionary history because at one poiint, our ancestors or whomever we descended from used a tailbone.

Explanation:

characterization of nanoparticles is a critical step in nanomaterial production as it provides information of dimension, morphology, surface charge, distribution and degree of surface functionalization.

"1. it should be, it has been for about 20 years, and it's really not much different in the end than breeding animals to have particular traits. there are always concerns about genetically engineered animals/plants affecting the environment in unexpected negative ways, but i can't think of an example where the fears didn't turn out to be baseless.  

first, as you point out, it would be a great advance in pharmacology, to be able to tailor drugs and their doses to me. the pros involve better medical treatment. the cons involve privacy issues like insurance companies denying coverage to people with genetic risk factors. looking at dna markers wouldn't affect the frequency of genetic diseases, but it would allow detection of them earlier. and ok, actually i suppose that if people used this information to avoid having children with genetic diseases, some might decrease in frequency."