You will estimate the quantity of DNA present in the pUC18 DNA prep by gel band brightness. Compare your linear plasmid band in the HindIII digest lane to the λ-HindIII marker. If, for example, your linearized plasmid is half as bright as the 4, 361 bp band of the marker, then your approximate DNA quantity is 90/2 or 45 ng. You loaded 10 µl of the HindIII digest onto the gel so your original concentration of DNA in the digest is 45 ng/10 µl or 4.5 ng/µl. You put 10 µl of DNA in your digest. All together then, you have 4.5 ng/µl x 10 µl or 45 ng of DNA in the digest.

ecological efficiency: % of usable energy transferred as

biomass from one trophic level to the next typical is 10% efficient (90% of

energy is lost),is diagramed as the pyramid of energy flow. then osprey eagle

are tertiary consumer and the shrimp are primary consumer, so to balance

mass of shrimp (1/0.1) / 0.1 = 100 kg 

the answer would be d : p

the answers are as following:

1. c. double helix, nucleosome, coil, supercoil, chromosome

2. b. g2 phase, preparation for mitosis

3. d. interphase consists of the g1, s, and g2 phases

4. c. metaphase

5. a. chromosomes are duplicated before cell division so that each new daughter cell has a complete set