The absence of iodine in the diet leads to . hypoparathyroidism hypothyroidism hypocalcemia hypoglycemia

The correct answer is hypothyroidism.

Explanation:

Iodine is one of the essential components that must be incorporated in the human diet as it plays an important role in the generation of thyroxine hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. This hormone monitors various functions in the body like it regulates and maintains the body's metabolism, and offers energy to various parts of the body.  

In case, if the level of iodine diminishes in the body then it can result in low production of thyroxine hormone, which eventually results in a condition known as hypothyroidism.  

affects the water bodies: excessive use of fertilizers causes eutrophication. the fertilizers which are used on plants affect the quality of land on which it is used, further causing erosion of soil. the fertilizers used on plants contain harmful chemical fumes which affect the environment.