Which electrons in an atom take part in chemical bonding and what are they called

The electrons in an atom that take part in chemical bonding are the electrons in the outermost shell and they are called valence electrons.

Explanation: An atom is composed of three particles: protons, neutrons and electrons. The protons and neutrons occupy the centrally located nucleus while the electrons are located in the empty space outside the nucleus. Electrons are distributed around the nucleus in paths called electron shells. The electrons in the outermost electron shells are called the valence electrons. The valence electrons are the electrons that participate in chemical bonding. During chemical bonding, the valence electrons are either transferred from one atom to another or the valence electrons are shared between two atoms. A type of chemical bonding in which there is a complete transfer of valence electrons from an atom of a metal to an atom of a non-metal so that can attain octet or duplet structure of noble gases is called electrovalent or ionic bonding. A type of chemical bonding in which there is sharing of electrons between two atoms of non-metals so that both can attain the octet or duplet structure of noble gases is called covalent bonding.

d concave shape of wave rock

explanation:

the concave shape of wave rock is a very good evidence that supports the evolution of earth due to chemical weathering. if we talk about structure of   wave rock, studies have estimated that it is around 2.7 billion years old. it also serves as the foundation of evidence that it was the place where australian continent began to form.

how the structure of wave rock was created?

studies suggest that structure of wave rock was created when the surrounded area was started to weather due to which deposition of material started on the part of land which now contains wave rock.

the structure of wave rock is considered to be one of the best-known landforms in australia. at the height of around 15 cm, there can be found flared slopes which formulate the margins of hyden rock. it is now assumed by geologists that wave rock was created by subsurface water-induced weathering and not by glaciers, waves or wind.

due to deposition of material over the period of long time, the wave rock became tougher and tougher due to weathering from surrounding terrain. this makes it a physical evidence that supports   the evolution of earth due to chemical weathering.

hope it !